From ‘The Man In The Big House’. Stories collected by Eddie Lenihan from the late Jimmy Armstrong of Ballyroughan.

‘Quin Abbey, now; did you ever hear about the founding of that abbey? ‘Twas built, in 1402 I think, by John MacNamara of Daingean.

Well, now, these stories about the founding of it you can judge for yourself. The truth of one of ’em seems to be more authentic than the other one, but you can judge for yourself.

The first story is that he had one son whom he called Sioda MacNamara. An’ one mornin’ he was missing. They were livin’ in Daingean, o course; that’d be, I s’pose, about three an’ a half miles or four from Quin.

They searched everywhere for him. Couldn’t find him. They searched next day, an’ the third day they found him in a pond that was near the castle. I know, now, where the oul’ formation o’ the pond is. ‘Tisn’t a dozen yards from the castle. This oul’ pond, now, last time I saw it, ’twas dry but ‘twould take in an area of about roughly half an acre. An ’twas all rough oul’ ground, you know, an’ lumps here an’ there in it. On these lumps there were bull-rushes growin’ an’ ‘twould give you the idea that at one time ’twas full o’ water.

‘But, anyway, the third day that Sioda was missin’ their neighbours, I spose, or his father, got him in the pond, drowned. He brought him into the castle. He there an’ then took an oath to the Almighty God that if he was restored to life he’d build a monastery for the Dominican friars at Quin. The following feast of Saint Francis, Sioda was playin’ an’ friskin’ around the castle again!

John MacNamara gathered a crowd of neighbours an’ masons an’ they started the abbey in Quin on the ruins of an old Norman castle that was there. There were four round towers in it. He constructed the abbey, an’ the abbey was to be, according to the way I heard it, a thousand paces long, an’ five hundred paces wide. So there’s only, I suppose, an eighth of it there now.

But at the back of the present parish church in Quin that’s in Bobby Clune’s field in Daingean Breac you can see the formation of the walls in the field. If you went up the tower in Quin Abbey, now – the tower is exactly a hundred feet high – an looked towards John Clunes, you’d see all the formation of the houses. The river wasn’t where it is now at all then, an’ the abbey was goin’ right up as far as the present street.

Now, I gave a hand at the building of Saint Finian’s Hall in Quin, an Canon Vaughan, he bought Dan Clune’s house – twas a thatched house – an’ the garden at the back of it. So, they knocked the house, an’ in the sinkin’ of the foundation they went down twelve feet in it, an’ the twelve feet they got were, eight feet of the finest of grey sand an four feet of earth on top of it. They kept that sand to make concrete blocks out of it. They got as far as rock then an’ they filled with stones – they go t’em in the bank the river above the abbey. But, through the sand an’ through the earth there were eight horse-loads o’ bones got in it, an’ skulls. So they came to the conclusion that there should have been a battle fought there one time, when all the bones an’ skulls were there. An’ there was, too.

Well, the other story that’s told about it was this, an all I can say, now, are the words o the man that told it to me. There was a holy man at Tom Fionnlach, an’ John MacNamara of Daingean had several dreams an’ in these dreams he saw friars wandering about looking for a home an’ a place to teach. But he went to this holy man, anyway, to know what his dreams were about. But, the holy man said to him, according to what I was told, “now, the Franciscan friars, you had dreams about ’em. Well, in fact, says the holy man, “I had dreams too about these Franciscan friars, that they wanted a home an’ a school. Is it possible for you to build one?

Well, says John Mac to him, “my son is after bein’ got in a pond, unconscious, an’ I’ll do anything,” says he, “that my son will live.”

“”Is it possible for you, says the holy man to him, “to build an abbey or a monastery for these holy friars?”

“Money is no object to me” says John Mac to him. “Will I build here?”

“No,” says the holy man. “You’ll build at the village of your own parish. Part o’ the foundation is laid for you in an old Norman castle. You’ll build there.”

‘He started the abbey, an as soon as he did his son was as well as ever he was.

So they’re the two stories that were told about the founding of Quin Abbey?

‘According to old local people the abbey was commenced in 1402. I told you that already. But according to Tommy Mac in Creevagh it took thirty years to build it, and, at the opening ceremony that John MacNamara who was responsible for the commencing of it was there, an’ his son was there, Francis Sioda MacNamara, an’ a man whose name was John Clune. This John Clune, in his youth, he got infantile paralysis an’ lost the use of his two legs, an he used to go about on his hands an’ knees. Anyway, at the opening ceremony the friars had him there, an’ John Mac’s son had him there. An’ according to Tommy Mac — who claimed that he was a descendant of John Mac that founded the abbey – when they opened it John Mac was ninety-four years of age. An’ according to Tommy Mac the friars prayed over John Clune who was goin around on his hands an knees, an’ after some prayers he stood up an walked about. An’ the friars said that as long as the parish ơ Quin would be the parish o Quin ‘twould never be without a MacNamara or a Clune family. An’ ’tis full o MacNamaras an’ Clunes today.

 

 

 

Seán na Gealaí

Halloween is the direct descendent of Samhain. It was the night when the gap between this world and the spirit world narrowed.  Known as Oiche Shamhna or ‘spirit night’, the souls of the dead were expected to return to the family home. The Church introduced the Feast of All Saints (Nov1) and the Feast of All Souls (Nov 2nd) to counter Samhain. Evil spirits were also thought to be abroad and people avoided travelling alone on this night.

   “Deireann na daoine go mbíonn sidheogaí amuigh oidhche Shamhna”, Schools’ Collection (NFCS 249).

Origins of Samhain

Contender 1- Tulsk, County Roscommon

Oweynagat Cave, Uaimh na gCat, meaning the ‘Cave of the Cats’ in Rath Croaghan. The Book of Leinster names it as dorus iffrin na Hérend – Ireland’s Gateway to Hell. Demons and all kinds of creatures emerge from here on Oiche Shamhna.

 Echtra Nerai (the Adventures of Nera) is first mentioned in the 10th century Cath Maige Mucrama story,  happening at Samhain.

Oweynagat Cave is also said to be the home of the Morrigan. She is portrayed as a goddess of battle and war, with the power to transform into crows or ravens. Her dreaded cry was frequently heard over battlefields.

Echtra Nerai, the Adventures of Nera

An Irish text taken from the Ulster Cycle, dating to the tenth century entitled ‘Nera and the Dead Man’, tells of the warrior Nera who accepts a dare during a dark and stormy Samhain night to tie a withy around the ankle of a hanging dead man. As he does so, the corpse suddenly comes to life and asks Nera to carry him on his back. Nera complies. After some adventures Nera gets the dead man back to his tree. All of this takes place at Samhain at Rath Croaghan/Cruachan, hence its association with Halloween.

Contender 2 – Tlachtga, Meath

The original Tlachtga was a druidess of considerable power and importance, the daughter of Mug Ruith who lived on Valentia Island in Kerry. He is said to have lived through the reign of nineteen kings, with his lifespan stretching back to the time of Christ on earth. Tlachtga and her father could travel the world on the Rath, a fabulous spinning wheel of fire that easily transported them. Mug Ruith sought out knowledge and learning like few before him and it was in this manner that he and Tlachtga travelled to study under Simon Magus (Simon the Sorcerer), who is mentioned in the Bible.

Simon Magus and Mug Ruith sent Tlachtga out into the world to gather as much knowledge as she could find. Upon her return they realized that her knowledge far surpassed their own!
They were outraged and such was their jealousy that they set the three sons of Simon Magus upon Tlachtga, who defiled her. She returned to Ireland where she gave birth to three sons, Dorb (Doirb), Cuma (Cumma) and Muach.

It was on the hill of Ward in county Meath that Tlachtga brought her three sons into the world, and it was there that she died, unable to sustain her life in the face of the utter grief and despair she felt at the indignity she had endured.

In recent years a renewal of the annual gathering on the hill of Ward now attracts hundreds of people at Halloween. A walk from Athboy up towards the Hill itself culminates with a celebration, with elaborate ceremonies and an acknowledgement of the cultural gift to Ireland and the world that Tlachtga represents.

In the ancient kingdom of Mide, Tlachtga was considered an important assembly place alongside Tara, Teiltun and Uisneach. These four ‘corners’ are recorded as having been the location of fortresses constructed by high king Tuathal Techmar at the foundation of Mide in the early decades of the first millennium AD.

‘Much of the (archaeological) evidence points towards a long history of ritual activity. Large quantities of animal bones – a sign of large scale feasting have been found throughout all phases of the site. The lack of evidence of any residential or day to day activity strengthens the idea that it most likely it was set aside purely for ritual or celebratory activity.

There have been finds in all three phases of the site, including scattered Bronze Age human remains and the skeleton of an infant between seven and ten months old… The child burial, next to a ritual deposit of cow bones, dates to AD 450 – around the time of the arrival of Christianity.

“The child was clearly buried with care and having not found any evidence of burials on the site, we’d have to guess that This child belonged to someone significant”.

Harvest knots and Guises

 

 

Homemade masks made by village boys calling to local houses on Oiche Shamhna

Outdoors

Unlike May when the fairies are active, November Eve brings malevolent spirits. It is the night for community bonfires, especially in housing estates in the cities and towns. Collecting the last handful of fruit and nuts.

Indoors

Families would attempt to have a celebratory supper on Oiche Shamhna. Family supper might be colcannon or pandy. They would first secure the house by sprinkling Holy Water and possibly placing a religious object in the thatch near the front door.

Typical Samhain Food included pancakes, stampy (a potato and apple cake, crusted with barley, enhanced with sea spinach and rock samphire & cooked with oil) apple cakes, nuts, blackberry pies.

An bairín breac/the barmbrack or the ‘speckled loaf’, containing oodles of dried autumn fruits is still a favourite treat, with lashings of butter.

Tokens inside the traditional loaf included the ring as a symbol of love and marriage,  a thimble (spinsterhood); a button (bachelorhood); a stick (to be beaten by the spouse); a rag (poverty); a coin (wealth) and a crucifix (the taking of religious orders).

Future Reading