Review of Fenloe Monastic Site by Michael Houlihan

 Saint Luchtigern or Luchticern, son of Cutrito, lived during the early sixth century. Hewas founder of the monastery beside Finnlough Lake, approx. 5 kilometres south-east of Quin village.The Irish name of this area is Tuaim-Fionnlocha, the Tomb of the Fair Lake, as recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters:-

A.D. 944. Scannlán Abb Tuama Fionnlocha decc, i.e., Scannlan Abbot of Tuaim Fionnlocha, died.

As is so often the case with early Celtic monks, they located their church in a place of quiet beauty. Fionn Lough, is the dominant feature in the immediate area.  

The monastic church stands back a short distance from the lakeshore.This area is one of the old ‘seven parishes’ of Newmarket on Fergus.

The church, now sadly in poor repair, shows evidence of three separate building phases. Large blocks of masonry around the door on the south side, represent the earliest phase, and date to between the tenth and the twelfth century.

.During the Anglo-Norman occupation of the area in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, the church was restored and some fine cut-sandstone windows were inserted into the south wall and east gable.

In the fifteenth century, the triple light east window was blocked up and a double light trefoil-pointed limestone window was inserted.

Note that on the closed-off twin window in the south gable with molding shown here on the left, there is evidence of the use of red sandstone

A stone, known locally as the ‘Plague stone’ or the ‘Cholera stone,’ is located on the outside of the graveyard perimeter wall (suggesting more extensive monastic grounds in the past). An old story tells that a woman suffering from the plagues came to Luchtigern one day and he prayed over her placing his hands on her suppurations. He cast all evidence of illness from her into a large stone. The stone has two raised circles, one with an inner circle and the second has the shape of a cross. They are said to imitate the pustules that appear on the skin when afflicted by the plague. Saint Luctigern is said to have endowed the stone with curative powers against disease.Thereafter people came to the stone for cure of ailments.

During their visit to Fenloe in 1839 the Ordnance Surveyors, O’ Donovan and Curry recorded the following:

‘The stone at which the miracle was performed was from thenceforward called “The Plague Stone” the name by which it is known to this day. The plague did not on that occasion make its further appearance within the distance of two miles at any side of Toomfinlough, nor has it done so ever since, for even during the late terrible ravages of the Cholera a single case of it did not occur within the above distance of this plague stone. This is asserted to have been the fact, whatever might have been the cause.

On that occasion people crowded in thousands to perform rounds, etc., at the plague stone, but whether its protective influence extended beyond the limits of its Termon or not, it would be very difficult to ascertain.’   (Ordnance Survey Letters by John O’Donovan and Eugene Curry, Parish of Tomfinlough, 1839).

The Plague Stone

Luctigern's three disciples

There are three Romanesque carved heads in the cemetery, said to represent Luchtigern’s disciples. A close examination of the middle head offers a clue to hair fashions in the fifteenth century. One is of limestone and two of sandstone, inserted into the south-eastern corner of the perimeter wall. These heads were originally placed over the lintel of a doorway in a small oratory that stood close to the church. This survived into the nineteenth century, as referenced by TJ Westropp. 

The heads are closely associated with the Plague Stone story. When Luctigern challenged his three disciples about his miraculous healing gift and cure of the woman with the plague, only one monk fully accepted it. He is now represented by the intact head on the wall – the other two eroded heads signify the doubters. 

An indication of how long the Fenloe site has been in use is seen in its graveyard. Here lie hundreds of stones placed at the head and the foot of the graves, without inscriptions.  Inscribed headstones did not come into popular use before the end of 17th century, much later in many places, so one can presume that many Fenloe graves are pre-17th century.

An old practice at Fenloe continues from an earlier era. When a coffin reaches the graveyard it is not carried directly to its final resting place. Instead, the bearers enter through the main gate and then exit at once through the side gate to the west. They move up the field about 60 metres where a coffin rest allows the coffin to be placed. It is then received into the graveyard from across the wall. There are all kinds of explanation for this – a tradition from the days when coffins were shouldered to graveyards, to avoid financial costs, to avoid moving in straight lines with the dead, to not rush the final journey. Whatever the explanation, it’s a venerable custom still maintained.

It is mentioned briefly in the National Folklore Collection in 1937: “When a corpse is to be buried in Fenloe Graveyard, they carry the coffin into the graveyard over the “steps” and not through the gate.” (The Schools’ Collection, James Clune, Clooney School, Volume 0593, Page 462).

Fenlo Graveyard
Fenlo Coffin Rest

There is a Holy Well at the front of the Fenloe site. It is in two parts – the first is a basin well or bullaun that is now inserted in the wall. Below it is a spring, contained in a grotto-like structure, refurbished by locals in 1959. Both water sources are still much visited. They permit the visitors to take some of the graces of Fenloe home with them.

 

Footnote: Fenloe is both an ancient and fascinating site.  During high winds on the 10th January 2007, the east gable of Fenloe fell.It still lies on the ground. Age is now greatly undermining the church and it is in urgent need of attention. Recent attempts to determine who might attend to repairs have proven fruitless. It would be an enormous cultural loss to the local and national community if it were not preserved.

References: Ryan, William Gerrard (1980). “Tomfinlough Parish”. A Survey of Monuments of Archaeological and Historical Interest in the Barony of Bunratty Lower, Co. Clare. Clare County Library.

Aiden Harrington, Fenloe Church and Graveyard – a layperson’s guide.https://heritage.clareheritage.org/places/reading-your-local-landscape/kilkishen-our-local-landscape/fenloe-church-and-graveyard-a-laypersons-guide

This once highly populated townland has been called by various spellings of its English name since first recorded in the inquisitions in 1586. Sometimes it was found with East or West added. Its current official Irish translation derives from Cé, meaning quay, which belies explanation given the situation of the townland. The inquisitions in 1641 recorded it as ‘Ceab’ while John O’Donovan, in 1839, suggested Ceabhach/Céabhach meaning ‘a land producing marshy grass’, both of which make a lot more sense!

Today, we could count the number of families living here on two hands. The figures given for baptisms and past census give a totally different picture of what it harboured in the past when up to 26 families lived here.

88.6 hectares / 0.88km²/0.34 square miles/219 acres

This townland is situated both sides  of the road to Ennis having left the village.

Inchiquin Papers – extracts referencing Keevagh

13-14 June 1699. Lease and release by John Durey to Sir Donough O’Brien, 1st Bart. of 24 acres in Keevagh, parish of Quin, barony of Bunratty in consideration of £40.

In 1703 Sir Donough purchased from the Commissioners for Sale of Forfeited Estates the lands of Keevagh, Daganbrack, Creevagh, Cahercalla, Maddara and Kildrum, totaling 440 acres, formerly held by Nicholas Arthur, who was attained for treason on account of his adherence to James II.

Land transfers in Keevagh in 1641

Freeholders in 1821

Keevagh: Laurence Corbett, James Corbett, Patrick Cody, James Halloran.

Keevagh West: H. Rev. Fitzgerald (resident in Dublin).

The above List of Freeholders contains the names of landholders who were registered to vote in Keevagh in 1821. A freeholder was a man who owned his land outright (in fee) or who held it by lease which could be for one or more lives (for example, his own life or for the lives of other people named in the lease). A significant percentage of the population was included in freeholders’ lists in the time period covered by this list (1796-1820), when both Catholic and Protestant 40 shilling freeholders were qualified to vote. A 40 shilling freeholder held a freehold worth at least 40 shillings per annum above the rent, enabling the inclusion of substantial farmers in the voters’ list. In 1829 the franchise level was increased to 10 pounds (there were 20 shillings in a pound), thus barring the 40 shilling freeholders whom Daniel O’Connell had mobilized and consequently confining the vote to landlords.

 

Occupiers of land in Keevagh on 1st May 1825 – eligible for tithe payments

Keevagh East: John Massey, John Doolaghty, Widow McNamara, Tim McGrath, James McGrath, John Moylan.

Keevagh West: James Boland, Patt Hallaran, Michael Downes, Cody Denis, Lawrence Corbett.

 Census Records for Keevagh

1841 Census: Population 140; Households 26

1851 Census: Population 31; Households 4

1861 Census: Population 42; Households 6

1871 Census: Population 29; Households 7

1881 Census: Population 17; Households 4

1891 Census: Population 11; Households 3

 

1901 Census: Population 7; Households 2

John & Mary Burke, nephew Patrick Gallagher.

Patrick Hogan, niece Delia Hogan, grand nephews Patrick & Michael Hogan.

1911 Census: Population 7; Households 2

Thomas & Catherine Moylan, servants Mary O’Callahan, Matthew Moloney.

Bridget Hogan, sons Patrick & Michael Hogan.

1926 Census: Population 13; Households 2

Thomas Moylan Head Married English Only
Catherine Moylan Wife Married English Only
Mary A Moylan Daughter   English and Irish
Cecelia Moylan Daughter   English and Irish
Patricia Moylan Daughter   English and Irish
Kathleen Moylan Daughter   English and Irish
Francis Moylan Daughter   English Only
Anne Gregan Sister in Law Single English Only
Matilda Custy Servant Single English Only
John Burke Servant Single English Only
Bridget Hogan Head Widow English Only
Pat Hogan Son Single English Only
Michael Hogan Son Single English Only

Some Baptisms in Keevagh in 1800’s

Date Child’s Forename Father’s Surname Father Mother Sponsors
15.12.1844 Thomas (?) Michael McGrath Mary John Curtin, Margaret McGrath
05.04.1832 Margaret Boland James Flanagan Briget Briget Quigly
??.06.1837 Bridget Boland James Flanagan B. Michael and Briget Cody
31.01.1840 Mary Boland James Flanagan Bridget Bridget Boland
06.04.1843 Pat Boland James Flanagan Bidy Pat Boland, Bidy Boland
25.01.1827 Briget Boland Pat Flanagan Mary Denis Carly(?), Margaret Carley(?)
10.05.1829 Michael Boland Pat Flanagan Mary Briget Boland, Michael Kitchin
27.10.1831 Pat Boland Pat Flanagan Mary Nancy McNamara, Thomas Halloran
19.10.1843 Kity Boland Pat Flanagan Mary Pat Halloran, Bidy Flanagan
??.08.1838 James Boland Pat Flanagan Mary Michael Downs, Mrs. Boland, Janes
??.05.1836 Margaret Boland Pat Flannagan Mary Dennis and Briget Cody
18.04.1828 John Boland Patrick Flanagan Mary Denis Cody, Briget Corley
15.10.1844 Mary Boland Patt Flanigan Mary Bridget Cody
05.03.1847 Mary Boland Patt Flanigan Mary Mary Donohoe
07.09.1825 Catherine Brick John Halleran Mary James Boland
03.02.1822 Bridget Brick John Halloran Mary Patrick Cody, Sally Halloran
26.09.1816 Michael Brick John Halloran Mary John Halloran, Honora Boland
29.08.1817 Michael Brick John Halloran Mary John MacNamara
22.04.1828 John Brick(?) John Halloran Mary Anne Halloran
05.08.1830 James Bricke John Halloran Mary Michael McNamara, Hanagh Lawler
14.01.1844 Patt Coady John Donoughue Mary Patt Corbett, Sarah MacNamara
21.09.1842 Michael Coady(?) Denis Lawler Judy Pat Corbett, Bidy Corbett
11.04.1845 Susan Cody Dennis Lawler Hannah John Hennesy, Mary Clune
03.10.1848 John Cody Dennis Lawler Susan Margaret Cody
08.05.1842 Nancy Cody John Donohoe Mary Denis Coady, Bidy Coady
27.05.1846 John Cody John Donohoe Mary Lawrence Downes, Kate Downs
23.06.1850 Mary Cody John Donohoe Mary Patt Corbett, Margaret Cody
29.11.1816 (?) Cody Patrick Fraly Pat Boland, Betty Cody
23.06.1850 Mary Coffee James McGrath Mary Margaret McGrath
16.02.1855 Mary Coffey Michael McGrath Mary John McGrath, Mary Moylan
26.08.1830 Michael Coleman John Haneen Margaret Pat Halloran, Sally Halloran
04.10.1843 John Collins John Reddin Bridget Michael McGrath, Mary Doloughty
29.05.1844 Michael Corbet Pat Coady Margaret Thomas Corbet, Bridget Corbet
12.08.1817 Margaret Corbett James Halloran Honora Anne Corbett
28.11.1844 Bridget Corbett John Doloughty Mary Patt and Bridget Corbett
31.01.1849 Mary Corbett John Doloughty Mary Patt and Norry Corbett
15.03.1821 Nancy Corbett John Horan Margaret Patt Corbett, mary Corbett
21.02.1830 Margaret Corbett John Moran Margaret James Corbett, Briget Moylan
22.03.1817 Pat Corbett John Margaret James McNamara
??.06.1840 John Corbett Matt Harkins Mary Patt Doloughty, Anne Corbett
03.02.1848 Mary Corbett Matt Harkins Mary Patt Halloran, Bridget Corbett
24.01.1830 Pat Corbett Pat Cody Margaret Lawrence Corbett, Briget Corbett
26.12.1831 Briget Corbett Pat Cody Margaret Denis Cody, Briget Cody
??.01.1838 Laurence Corbett Patt Cody Margaret Laurence and Anne Corbett
25.10.1843 Norry Corbett Tom Shea Nanny Pat Corbett, Bidy Corbett
27.02.1853 Mary Corbett Tom Shea Anne Laurence and Margaret Corbett
05.06.1828 Briget Corry James Hehir Mary Thomas Moylan, Nancy Corry
05.06.1828 John Corry John Corry Betty Michael Henissy, Catherine Moylan
23.01.1837 Bridget Cremins Daniel McNamara Hannah Pat Hogan, Ellen McNamara
30.08.1823 John Doolaghty Tim Rochford Brigid Laurence Corbett
22.05.1823 Thomas Downes M Kitchen Catherine
22.05.1823 Mary Downes M Kitchen Catherine
06.07.1825 Anna(?) Downes Michael Chichin Catherine Pat Cody
08.04.1821 Ellen Downes Michael Kidson Catherine Patt Cody, Mary Frawley
08.10.1826 Martin Downs Michael Kitchin Catherine Pat Carley, Ellen Lawler
21.01.1830 Lawrence Downs Michael Kitchin Catherine Patrick Corbett, Catherine Lawler
04.01.1825 Patrick Fraley Patrick Patrick Henessy
06.09.1819 Judy Griffy James Cummin Johanna John Corbett
26.01.1835 Tim Halloran Pat Grady Bridget Pat Halloran, Bridget McDonnell
16.02.1836 Pat Halloran Pat Grady Bridget Michael McNamara, Nancy Halloran
01.05.1842 Bridget Halloran Patrick Grady Bridget Patrick Cody, Bridget Halloran
14.03.1846 Pegy Halloran Patrick Grady alias Birley(?) Nancy Michael Halloran, Margaret Grady
01.12.1838 Thomas Halloran Patt Grady Bridget Michael and Margaret Grady
10.03.1848 Thady Halloran Patt Grady Bridget Dennis Cody, Bridget McDonnel
??.07.1837 Mary Halloran Thomas Corbet Ann Pat Doloughty, Margaret Fraley
28.06.1835 Bridget Halloran Thomas Corbett Anne Michael Doolaghty
07.04.1839 Mary Halloran Thomas Corbett Ann James and Catherine Halloran
18.02.1841 Anne Halloran Thomas Corbett Anne James Lynch, Mary McNamara
06.01.1843 John Halloran Thomas Corbett Nancy Michael Corbett, Bidy Corbett
??.04.1839 Margaret Healy(Mealy?) Pat Cody Margaret Dennis Cody, Sally Russell
23.11.1845 Thomas Henry Luke Molony Mary Patt Hickey, Bridget Gorman
08.02.1829 Mary Hogan John Crow Sally Kitty(?) Gerin, David Moylan
08.03.1816 Pat Hogan Thomas Moylan Honor Hogan
18.01.1832 Nancy Kinavane Thomas Gerin Briget Nancy Corry, John Hogan
29.06.1845 John Lachford John Glynn Margaret Tom Heihir, Bridget Glynn
19.07.1816 Margaret Lyddy Patrick Halloran Mary Patrick Fahy, Cate MaGrath
12.05.1842 Mary Mac Michael Clune Mary James Mac, Mary MacNamara
11.03.1817 Pat MacNamara James Woulfe Mary James MacNamara
25.04.1833 Anne McGrath James (?)man Mary Margaret McGrath
07.12.1834 Thomas McGrath James Cremmins Mary John Hogan, Margaret McGrath
06.08.1829 Margaret McGrath James Crimens(?) Mary Honor McInerny, (?)
20.04.1818 Mary McGrath James Crimmin Mary Catherine Corry
04.10.1820 Martin McGrath James Crimmin Mary Martin MaGrath
29.04.1832 Catherine McGrath James Crimmin Mary Nancy Corbett, David Moylan
20.08.1826 Michael McGrath James Crimmin(?) Mary Catherine Moylan
??.04.1837 Patt McGrath James Crimmins Mary Anne Corbett
01.06.1817 Brigid McGrath James Crummin Mary Catherine McGrath
01.05.1838 John McGrath James Mary Thomas Moylan, Anne Corry
09.04.1824 McGrath(?) MaGrath Cate
19.12.1821 Thomas McInerny John McGrath Margaret David Moylan, Catherine McGrath
12.04.1841 John McMahon Michael Giddam Peggy Michael and Mary Cumins(Crimins?)
03.09.1845 Daniel McNamara Bat Gannesy(?) Susan Susan Lawler
19.12.1821 Thomas McNamara John Meere Nancy Patt Meere, Nancy McNamara
26.10.1823 Ellen McNamara John Quillinan Bridget James McNamara
11.09.1828 Margaret McNamara Mathew Glen Margaret Ellen Coleman, Edmund Hogan
06.03.1822 Mary McNamara Mathew Glin Margaret John McNamara, Mary Moylan
07.01.1840 Thady McNamara Michael Cluin Mary Patt Clune, Mary Doloughty
15.03.1845 Patt McNamara Michael Clune Mary Catherine McNamara
27.08.1848 Michael McNamara Michael Clune Mary Tom O’Brien, Mary Cain
29.05.1836 Anne McNamara Thomas Clanchy Ellen Pat Doolaghty, Bridget Corbett
01.09.1839 Mary McNamara Thomas Clancy Ellen James and Mary McNamara
03.03.1834 Patrick McNamara Tom Clancy Ellen Thady McNamara, Mary McNamara
31.01.1835 James McNamara Tom Clancy Ellen Pat and Anne Halloran
14.12.1839 Catherine Moylan David Moylan Anne Bridget Hogan
23.03.1837 Honora Moylan David Reddan Anne Margaret Moylan
??.12.1837 Briget O’Gorman Daniel Neylon Mary Judith Frawley
26.04.1854 Michael Slattery Michael Moylan Maria William Moylan, Margaret Slattery
07.10.1839 Mary Walsh John Freeman Bridget Michael and Mary Hehir
02.05.1857 Margaret Coffee Michael McGrath Mary Bridget Crimmins
21.04.1861 John Coffee Michael McGrath Mary Patt McGrath, Mary McGrath
??.02.1825 Mary Coffy Michael McGrath Mary John McGrath, Sally Moylan
06.03.1878 Margaret Connely Michael Faul Mary Bridget Moylan
15.08.1858 Thomas Corbett Thomas Shea Anne Laurence Corbett, Margaret Corbett
09.03.1862 Hugh Hogan Hugh Daffy Bridget Patt Hogan, Ellen Finucane
27.12.1859 Margaret Hogan Thomas Haneen Mary Edmund Burke, Margaret Haneen
22.04.1855 Thomas Rochford John Clancy Margaret Margaret Ma(?)
31.01.1872 Bridget Russell Pat Coffey Anne Michael Clune, Bridget Russell
01.05.1873 Mary Russell Patt Coffee Anne Mary Russell
15.08.1856 Thomas Slattery Michael Moylan Mary Daniel Hayes, Bridget Slattery
22.09.1861 Johanna Slattery Michael Moylan Mary Thomas Dolertny, Margaret Taylor
20.07.1864 John Slattery Michael Moylan Mary Thomas Crowe, Margaret Slattery