As we draw towards Halloween here is a story, appropriate to the season, based on one of Quin’s wells at Ballymacloon. This is probably the well at Ballymacloon East that also contains a cillín. The story was recorded in the 1930’s in the Clooney school collection, from Michael Clune.

‘There is a well in Ballymaclune Hill (Ballymacloon souterainne) which has this strange feature that it fills up in summer and gets lower and lower in winter. There are underground passages leading from the well under the hill.

It is said that in older times a young man of the wealthy class fell in love with a beautiful maiden of humble extraction, she in her innocence losing her heart to him.

Although warned again and again to “beware” of the gentleman of the upper class and to select a lover from the many excellent young men of her own humble station. They were deeply grieved that she should have set her heart on a rich man and on a man who was bound to prove false to her. Still she persisted in her attachment to the young man.

The courtship went on for many years until a rich heiress arrived at a neighbouring “Big House.” He at once forsook the humble maiden and proposed to the heiress, who accepted. He married her within a few months.

The young maiden was heartbroken, took no interest in anything, never joined in the local amusements, never went to fair or pattern, or took part in the crossroad dances, became moody and silent and went about her work as one in a dream.

On a cold wintery day she went to fetch water from the well. As it was winter the well was almost up to the brink. Before filling her pitcher, she sat on a little seat, where many a time she sat with her false lover. As she sat she thought of many happy hours, now gone forever, that she had by the brink of their little well. The sad reflections made the tears flow copiously and as they flowed down her cheeks they mingled with the waters of the well. The waters of the well began to rise and overflowed the banks and swept the sighing maiden off through the underground passages to the happy landfar beyond the hill.

Often on dark winters nights when the wind is howling, the sad cry of a lonely maiden is borne on the breeze from the blackthorn bushes that surround the well, and when it is heard people say another true hearted maiden is forsaken

When her friends came to the well to seek her, they found no tidings of the maiden, but to their surprise, found, although it was winter, that there was very little water in the well. They searched up and down, high and low, here, there and everywhere, but got no trace of the maiden. At last they “made out” that she was “taken “by the fairies and gave up the search.

The waters mixed with the tears of the dying maiden never came back that winter or any winter since the day she was swept from the banks through the underground passage to the land where faithful lovers are always found.

The false lover was now married several months, and to all appearance seemed to be enjoying life to the full. His wife was everything that could be desired. They spent their time attending receptions, meetings of every kind and hunting. Time passed pleasantly for them.

One day the young man took out his horse to exercise him. He wished to jump across a river that ran by the house of “The Old woman of the wood”. The narrowest part of the river lay near the gable end of the old woman’s house. He wished to get his horse to jump across. Just as he was to set his horse for the river, the old woman appeared in the doorway and said “False thou artand false will be the horse “.

Urged with rage he spurred his horse for the river. The horse sprang but fell short of the bank, throwing the rider against the sharp stones of the bank. He was seriously injured and when help arrived he was placed on a little wagon and driven to the guest house in Quin Abbey, which at that time was the nearest place to get medical assistance. When on the wagon he began to cry that he was suffering from a raging thirst and that he wanted to drink at Ballymaclune Well. His attendant told him that his thirst would soon be quenched as their way to Quin went by the well.

So eager was he to get the water, that as soon as he came within sight of the well and before he could be stopped, he sprang from the wagon, and made for the well. Now it was summer time and the well, being low, he stooped down to quench his thirst. No sooner did he touch the water than the waves of water rushed out of the underground passages and drowned him and overflowed the banks of the well so that the attendant fled in terror. Next day his dead body was taken from the well. Ever since, the waters come out in summer and recede in winter.

People say that the false lover appears from time to time, with a mether in his hand, making for the well, but no sooner does he come near the brink than he runs away again, crying “Give me a cup of tears. Give me a cup of tears.”

 

 

 

Seán na Gealaí

Halloween is the direct descendent of Samhain. It was the night when the gap between this world and the spirit world narrowed.  Known as Oiche Shamhna or ‘spirit night’, the souls of the dead were expected to return to the family home. The Church introduced the Feast of All Saints (Nov1) and the Feast of All Souls (Nov 2nd) to counter Samhain. Evil spirits were also thought to be abroad and people avoided travelling alone on this night.

   “Deireann na daoine go mbíonn sidheogaí amuigh oidhche Shamhna”, Schools’ Collection (NFCS 249).

Origins of Samhain

Contender 1- Tulsk, County Roscommon

Oweynagat Cave, Uaimh na gCat, meaning the ‘Cave of the Cats’ in Rath Croaghan. The Book of Leinster names it as dorus iffrin na Hérend – Ireland’s Gateway to Hell. Demons and all kinds of creatures emerge from here on Oiche Shamhna.

 Echtra Nerai (the Adventures of Nera) is first mentioned in the 10th century Cath Maige Mucrama story,  happening at Samhain.

Oweynagat Cave is also said to be the home of the Morrigan. She is portrayed as a goddess of battle and war, with the power to transform into crows or ravens. Her dreaded cry was frequently heard over battlefields.

Echtra Nerai, the Adventures of Nera

An Irish text taken from the Ulster Cycle, dating to the tenth century entitled ‘Nera and the Dead Man’, tells of the warrior Nera who accepts a dare during a dark and stormy Samhain night to tie a withy around the ankle of a hanging dead man. As he does so, the corpse suddenly comes to life and asks Nera to carry him on his back. Nera complies. After some adventures Nera gets the dead man back to his tree. All of this takes place at Samhain at Rath Croaghan/Cruachan, hence its association with Halloween.

Contender 2 – Tlachtga, Meath

The original Tlachtga was a druidess of considerable power and importance, the daughter of Mug Ruith who lived on Valentia Island in Kerry. He is said to have lived through the reign of nineteen kings, with his lifespan stretching back to the time of Christ on earth. Tlachtga and her father could travel the world on the Rath, a fabulous spinning wheel of fire that easily transported them. Mug Ruith sought out knowledge and learning like few before him and it was in this manner that he and Tlachtga travelled to study under Simon Magus (Simon the Sorcerer), who is mentioned in the Bible.

Simon Magus and Mug Ruith sent Tlachtga out into the world to gather as much knowledge as she could find. Upon her return they realized that her knowledge far surpassed their own!
They were outraged and such was their jealousy that they set the three sons of Simon Magus upon Tlachtga, who defiled her. She returned to Ireland where she gave birth to three sons, Dorb (Doirb), Cuma (Cumma) and Muach.

It was on the hill of Ward in county Meath that Tlachtga brought her three sons into the world, and it was there that she died, unable to sustain her life in the face of the utter grief and despair she felt at the indignity she had endured.

In recent years a renewal of the annual gathering on the hill of Ward now attracts hundreds of people at Halloween. A walk from Athboy up towards the Hill itself culminates with a celebration, with elaborate ceremonies and an acknowledgement of the cultural gift to Ireland and the world that Tlachtga represents.

In the ancient kingdom of Mide, Tlachtga was considered an important assembly place alongside Tara, Teiltun and Uisneach. These four ‘corners’ are recorded as having been the location of fortresses constructed by high king Tuathal Techmar at the foundation of Mide in the early decades of the first millennium AD.

‘Much of the (archaeological) evidence points towards a long history of ritual activity. Large quantities of animal bones – a sign of large scale feasting have been found throughout all phases of the site. The lack of evidence of any residential or day to day activity strengthens the idea that it most likely it was set aside purely for ritual or celebratory activity.

There have been finds in all three phases of the site, including scattered Bronze Age human remains and the skeleton of an infant between seven and ten months old… The child burial, next to a ritual deposit of cow bones, dates to AD 450 – around the time of the arrival of Christianity.

“The child was clearly buried with care and having not found any evidence of burials on the site, we’d have to guess that This child belonged to someone significant”.

Harvest knots and Guises

 

 

Homemade masks made by village boys calling to local houses on Oiche Shamhna

Outdoors

Unlike May when the fairies are active, November Eve brings malevolent spirits. It is the night for community bonfires, especially in housing estates in the cities and towns. Collecting the last handful of fruit and nuts.

Indoors

Families would attempt to have a celebratory supper on Oiche Shamhna. Family supper might be colcannon or pandy. They would first secure the house by sprinkling Holy Water and possibly placing a religious object in the thatch near the front door.

Typical Samhain Food included pancakes, stampy (a potato and apple cake, crusted with barley, enhanced with sea spinach and rock samphire & cooked with oil) apple cakes, nuts, blackberry pies.

An bairín breac/the barmbrack or the ‘speckled loaf’, containing oodles of dried autumn fruits is still a favourite treat, with lashings of butter.

Tokens inside the traditional loaf included the ring as a symbol of love and marriage,  a thimble (spinsterhood); a button (bachelorhood); a stick (to be beaten by the spouse); a rag (poverty); a coin (wealth) and a crucifix (the taking of religious orders).

Future Reading